Kaunas, Kaunas County, Lithuania

His birthplace is Tallinn, based on an oral account from his eldest son, Sam, Benjamin's declaration in the 1921 UK census, and storage of his birth registration in the Tallinn archive. However, translations of the Old Russian from his birth registration differ. Unless contrary evidence is found, we accept that his birthplace was Tallinn and that his mother’s name was Oxana ZIEL. For transparency, both translations are provided below.